Typology of modern International Persian-language broadcasting

The authors of this article examined the typology and distinctive features of Persian-language radio broadcasting around the world. The Persian-language radio stations can be classified into several categories: national broadcasters of Persian-speaking countries, international Persian-language services, state- or organization-sponsored foreign-language broadcasters, and ethnic radio stations serving Persian-speaking diaspora communities.
The study analyzes the activities of Tajik, Persian, and Dari-language services of major international broadcasters, including Radio Liberty, Radio Farda, Voice of America, BBC, Deutsche Welle, Sputnik, China Radio International, and Japan Radio International. It also considers Persian-language services operated by state broadcasters in countries such as Turkey, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Israel, as well as religious broadcasting initiatives and diaspora radio stations in Australia and the United States. Notably, in 2025, the Tajik radio station “Samarkandiyon” was established in Philadelphia.
The findings indicate that over the past century, media targeting foreign audiences, particularly Persian-speaking populations, have significantly expanded. At present, more than 20 countries produce radio, television, and online content in Persian and related languages. The article further suggests that some international broadcasters engage in information competition and strategic communication efforts aimed at influencing Persian-speaking audiences, while others focus on cultural diplomacy and the promotion of national achievements. 
Overall, the study highlights the growing competition for influence within the Persian-language information space and underscores the increasing strategic importance of media directed at Persian-speaking communities worldwide.
Keywords: Persian-language broadcasting, international radio, media typology, BBC, Voice of America, Radio Farda, Sputnik, China Radio International, Dari, Tajik, diaspora media.